Case Report: Esophageal Xanthoma: A Case Report with Immunohistochemical Findings Related to Pathogenesis

Hsing-Cheng Tseng, Huai-Pao Lee, Jyh-Seng Wang

Abstract

Esophageal xanthoma (EX) is a rare, benign lesion composed of foamy macrophages beneath the squamous epithelium. We report a case of EX showing cytotoxic T cell–mediated inflammation in the overlying epithelium. Immunohistochemistry revealed CD8, granzyme B, and adipophilin cells, suggesting T cell–induced epithelial injury and lipid release. The accumulated macrophages scavenge epithelial debris, forming foamy histiocytes. These findings support that EX represents a reactive process rather than a neoplastic one.

Keywords: Esophageal xanthoma, Adipophilin, Immunohistochemistry, Pathogenesis

Int. J. Bio. Lab. Sci 2026(15)2:102-108 【PDF】