Review article: Impact of Cannabinoids on Blood Product Safety: Risks and Challenges in Transfusion Medicine

Yousef Athamni, Patricia Tille

Abstract

As cannabis use continues to rise, particularly involving tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), new concerns are emerging in transfusion medicine. Legalization in many U.S. states has significantly increased both recreational and medical cannabinoid use. Research suggests that cannabinoids may alter blood function, posing potential risks for transfusion-dependent patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and cancer. These patients are frequently prescribed cannabinoids for pain and often receive blood transfusions, raising concerns about additional risk from exposure to cannabinoids present in transfused products. Despite improvements in donor screening for infectious diseases, no protocols exist to detect cannabinoid use in blood donors. This represents a critical gap in transfusion safety.

THC may contribute to red cell hemolysis, enhance platelet aggregation, and increase thrombotic risk, while CBD may inhibit platelet function and disrupt coagulation. These pharmacologic effects may compromise transfusion safety in high-risk groups. Although the long-term impact of cannabinoid exposure in transfusion medicine remains unknown, evidence supports the need for immediate investigation. With no existing guidance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to assess risks and develop appropriate screening measures to ensure blood product safety.

Keywords: Cannabinoid exposure; Transfusion Medicine; Hematologic Complications

Int. J. Bio. Lab. Sci 2025(14)2:58-71 【PDF】